文学翻译的学思用(八)
作者 张保红
发表于 2026年1月

点是最小的视觉实体,是绘画形式语言中最小和最基本的单位,也是最具内张力和延展性的绘画元素。点的形状多种多样,有圆形点、水滴点、个字点、菊花点、梅花点等;其功用也多维多层,可以使人产生小巧、集中、凝聚、闪动等视觉心理感受,也可以表征重量感、运动感、方向性,乃至渲染意境与氛围。生活中人们常说“点拨点拨”“指点迷津”“点到即止”“点铁成金”,“点”的作用与价值之重大与神奇,由此可见一斑。

文学作品中含有“点”字的句子也有不少传为经典,比如:

1. 一片花飞减却春,风飘万点正愁人。(杜甫)

2. 汴水流,泗水流,流到瓜州古渡头,吴山点点愁。(白居易)

3. 斜阳外,寒鸦数点,流水绕孤村。(秦观)

4. 细看来,不是杨花,点点是离人泪。(苏轼)

5. 湖上影子,惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点,与余舟一芥、舟中人两三粒而已。(张岱)

这些句子中的“点”字如何英译呢?前辈先贤的翻译实践可给我们提供借鉴与参考,其译文依序呈现如下:

1. Everywhere petals are flying / And Spring is fading. Ten thousand / Atoms of sorrow whirl away / In the wind. (tr. K. Rexroth)

2. See Northern river flow,/ And Western river flow! / By Melon Islet, mingling waves, they go. / The Southern hills dotted with woe. (tr. Xu Yuanchong)

3. Beyond the setting sun I see but dots of crows / And that around a lonely village water flows. (tr. Xu Yuanchong)

4. Take a close look, then you will never / Find willow down but tears of those who sever, / Which drop by drop / Fall without stop. (tr. Xu Yuanchong)

5. The only figures reflected in the lake were the long bank, the pavilion in the centre of the lake like a dark dot, and the boat I was taking with a couple of people in it. (tr. Wu Wei)

从译文中下划线的词语可见,译者根据不同语境将“点”字分别译为了atom(原子点)、drop(水滴点)和dot(圆笔点),其词语形态有的是名词,有的是动词。

本文刊登于《英语世界》2026年1期
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