端午节的英文怎么说?当然是 Dragon Boat Festival(龙舟节)。我们的课本这么教,汉英词典这样写,上网搜,百度、有道也都是这个“标准答案”。
我之所以给“标准答案”加个引号,是因为我研究语言多年,知道语言浩瀚如海,难有标准和绝对,地域、阶级、时代、年龄、性别、语境、态度等等,都可能会动摇这个标准,让它不再绝对。
理想和现实是有差距的。对于绝大多数的人而言,包括我自己,只能在相对里找绝对,否则无所依循,就变得寸步难行了。
Dragon Boat Festival这个“标准答案”有问题吗?没有。韦氏、牛津这两大词典家族都有相关收录,大英、维基这两大英文百科也都如此认可。近来也有音译为 Duanwu Festival的声音,不过语料库的证据显示,此译只有Dragon Boat Festival的2%上下,还不成气候。
美国的《韦氏第三版新国际英语大词典》(Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged)是当今世上最大的单卷本英语词典,就收录了Dragon Boat Festival,定义如下:
a Chinese festival held just before the summer solstice that has as its chief event a race among long narrow boats resembling dragons.(快到夏至时所过的中国节日,主要活动是以狭长的龙形船竞渡。)
世界最大、最权威的《牛津英语词典》(Oxford English Dictionary,简称OED)收录了来自中文的 dragon boat(龙舟;龙船),定义就用了洋洋洒洒的67个词。另以加注的方式介绍了 dragon boat festival(OED 将其首字母小写),这个说明性的按语居然用了71个词,篇幅比主体的定义更大:
The dragon boat festival, believed to have been celebrated for over 2,000 years, takes place on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the Chinese calendar throughout China and in Chinese communities worldwide. It commemorates the death of Qu Yuan (c340–278 b.c.), China’s first known poet, who drowned himself when his home state of Chu was overthrown; the dragon boat races traditionally represent the search for his body.【端午节的时间在农历五月初五,据信已有2000多年的过节史,中国各地和全球的华人社区均过此节。
